According to ASTM E31 Health Informatics, security is defined from how many perspectives?

• A. One
• B. Two
• C. Three
• D. Four

Answer: (B)

Security in health informatics is viewed from two perspectives: confidentiality and integrity. Confidentiality means protecting patient information from unauthorized access, preserving privacy and the right to control who sees data. Integrity means keeping information accurate and unaltered, ensuring that data remain trustworthy and reliable for clinical decisions. While availability is important for access to information, the ASTM E31 framework emphasizes these two aspects to ensure both privacy and trust in health records.